Academic writing

Plan an academic paper

Use these steps when an assignment feels too broad or you are not sure where to start.

1. Read the assignment

Underline action words such as analyze, compare, explain, or argue. Turn each requirement into a checklist item.

Try this: I need to ___ using ___, and I must include ___.

2. Write a temporary answer

Answer the main question in one sentence. This gives the paper a direction, and you can change it later.

Try this: My answer is ___ because ___.

3. Outline the paragraphs

Give each paragraph one job. List its main point, evidence, and connection to your answer.

Try this: Point → evidence → what the evidence shows.

4. Write the first draft

Focus on getting the ideas down. Leave notes such as [find source] or [explain this] instead of stopping.

Try this: If a sentence stalls, write: What I mean is ___.

5. Check the paper

Return to your checklist. Then review the paragraph order, evidence, citations, and sentences one at a time.

Try this: What does the reader still need to know?
Adapt these steps as needed. You can change the order, repeat a step, or work through the guide with someone else.